• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    RETROREFLECTIVE LAMINATION, LICENSE PLATE AND OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEMThe present invention relates to the formation of a high contrast retroreflective lamination independent of the wavelength, made through the inclusion of a light scattering material over at least a portion of the retroreflective lamination. The light scattering material reduces glare retroreflective lamination without substantially altering the appearance of retroreflective lamination when viewed under scattered light.
    公开号:BR112012007870A2
    申请号:R112012007870-4
    申请日:2010-10-05
    公开日:2020-08-18
    发明作者:Patrick R. Fleming；Robert L.W. Smithson；Thomas J. Dahlin；Thomas V. Kusilek
    申请人:3M Innovative Properties Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    "RETROREFLECTIVE LAMINATION, LICENSE PLATE AND OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEM" Technical Field This description refers, in general, to retroreflective lamination and high contrast license plates, methods of producing retroreflective lamination and plate plates. high contrast license, and automated license plate reading systems capable of reading retroreflective lamination and high contrast license plates. Background Automatic Vehicle Recognition (AVR) is a term applied to the detection and recognition of a vehicle by an electronic system. Exemplary uses of AVR include, for example, automatic toll payment, enforcement of traffic laws, search for vehicles associated with crimes, and control of access to certain locations. Suitable AVR systems are universal (that is, they are able to read all license plates with 100% accuracy). The two main types of AVR systems in use today are (1) systems that use RFID technology to read an RFID tag attached to a vehicle and (2) systems that use a machine or device to read a code readable by machine attached to a vehicle.
    An advantage of RFID systems is their high accuracy, which is achieved due to the detection of errors and correction information contained in the RFID tag. Using well-known mathematical techniques (cyclic redundancy check, or CRC, for example), the probability that a reading is accurate (or the reverse) can be determined. However, RFID systems have some disadvantages, including that not all vehicles include RFID tags. In addition, non-powered "passive" readers of existing RFID tags may find it difficult to accurately determine the exact location of an object. Instead, they simply report the presence or absence of a tag in their field of sensitivity. In addition, several RFID tag readers only operate at a short range, work improperly in the presence of metal, and are blocked by interference when many tagged objects are present. Some of these problems can be overcome using active RFID technology or similar methods. However, these techniques require expensive, energy-consuming electronic devices and batteries, and they may not yet determine positions precisely when attached to metallic or dense objects.
    Machine vision systems (often called Automated License Plate Readers or ALPR Systems) use a machine or device to read a machine-readable code attached to a vehicle. In many embodiments, the machine-readable code is fixed to, stamped on, or adjacent to a license plate. An exemplary ALPR system is shown schematically in Figure 1, which illustrates the process of lighting and visualizing a retroreflective label. The term "retroreflective" for use in the present invention, refers to the reflection attribute of an oblique ray of light incident in an antiparallel direction to the incident or almost direction, so that it returns to the light source or its immediate vicinity. . An infrared light source 106 illuminates a retroreflective label 102, which is located on a license plate 104. The retroreflective label 102 reflects the infrared light emitted by the light source 106 directly back to the infrared light source 106, where it is located. captured by an infrared sensor 108, such as an infrared camera. An advantage of ALPR systems is that they can be used almost universally, since almost all areas of the world require vehicles to have license plates with visually identifiable information on them. However, the task of recognizing visual tags can be complicated. For example, the accuracy of reading from an ALPR system is largely dependent on the quality of the captured image as assessed by the reader.
    Existing systems find it difficult to distinguish labels from complex backgrounds that have variable lighting.
    Additionally, the accuracy of
    ALPR suffers when license plates are obscured or dirty.
    Prior art methods for creating high contrast license plates for use in ALPR systems involve the inclusion of materials that absorb in the infrared wavelength range and transmit in the visible wavelength range.
    For example, the patent
    U.S. 6,832,728 describes license plates that include visible opaque and transmissive infrared signals.
    U.S. patent publication 2007/139775 describes license plates that include infrared blocking materials that create a contrast to the license plate.
    U.S. Patent 3,758,193 describes transmissive and visible infrared absorption materials for use in retroreflective lamination.
    Summary The present inventors recognized the need for a retroreflective lamination that has high contrast in the infrared wavelength range, while maintaining the color characteristics of the retroreflective lamination in the visible wavelength range.
    The present inventors also recognized the need for high contrast retroreflective lamination regardless of wavelength.
    The present inventors have also recognized the need for license plates that include such a lamination and OCR and / or ALPR systems capable of detecting such license plates.
    The present inventors recognized that high contrast retroreflective lamination regardless of wavelength could be made by including a light scattering material over at least a portion of the retroreflective lamination. The light scattering material reduces the brightness of the retroreflective lamination without substantially altering the appearance of the retroreflective lamination when viewed under scattered light.
    Some preferred embodiments of the present description refer to retroreflective lamination, which comprises: signals that include a light scattering material. Other preferred embodiments of the present description refer to a license plate comprising the retroreflective lamination described above. Other preferred embodiments of the present description refer to an optical character recognition system, which comprises: an optical character recognition camera; a light source that emits infrared light that is coaxial with the optical character recognition camera; and a license plate that includes the retroreflective lamination described above.
    Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a schematic view of a prior art ALPR system. Figure 2A is a photograph of a license plate seen under a scattered visible light. Figure 2B is a photograph of the license plate of figure 2A seen under retroreflective infrared light. Figure 3A is a photograph of a license plate seen in scattered visible light.
    Figure 3B is a photograph of the license plate of figure 3A seen under retroreflective infrared light.
    Figure 4A is a photograph of a license plate seen in scattered visible light. Figure 4B is a photograph of the license plate of Figure 4A seen under retroreflective infrared light.
    =
    0
    Detailed Description The systems, methods, and apparatus of the present description generally describe the inclusion of a light scattering material over at least a portion of the retroreflective lamination.
    The dispersion material
    5 reduces the brightness of the retroreflective lamination without substantially altering the appearance of the retroreflective lamination when viewed under scattered light, thereby creating a high contrast retroreflective lamination regardless of wavelength.
    Despite the fact that existing license plates include materials that absorb, block, are opaque to, and transmit
    10 infrared, none of them include Iuz dispersion materials to create high contrast.
    The use of light scattering materials has certain advantages over absorption, blocking, opaque materials, and infrared transmitters.
    For example, the contrast of a license plate including light scattering material is independent of wavelength,
    15 so that the signals formed using light scattering materials have a high contrast in retroreflection, but a license plate seen under normal lighting conditions (scattering) will still have any desired pleasant aesthetic appearance.
    This wavelength independence allows for greater flexibility in choosing a camera for use in a
    20 OCR or ALPR system that reads license plates that include light scattering materials.
    Additionally, while it is difficult and expensive to find materials that absorb infrared light but present color under visible and scattered light, it is relatively easy and inexpensive to find materials that scatter infrared light without substantially altering the appearance of the
    25 retroreflective lamination when seen under scattered light.
    The light scattering material is preferably used to create signals on the retroreflective lamination or on the license plate.
    Exemplary signs include, for example, the license plate number or identifier.
    The light scattering material can be a surface dispersing material, or it can be a volume dispersing material. Where a volume dispersing material is used, it can be included in the sign ink or it can be placed under the sign ink. If the light scattering material is placed under the ink of the signs, it is preferably the same color as the substrate (for example, the retroreflective lamination) so that it does not change the appearance of the signs under scattered light. Exemplary infrared light scattering materials include, for example, inks, toners, dyes, and tapes. Where paints, toners, or dyes are used, they are preferably opaque (rather than glossy) since glossy paints, toners, and dyes can scatter infrared light inappropriately. Alternatively, the license plate can simply be roughed off selectively by, for example, sanding or blasting with glass spheres, in areas intended for light scattering. In such implementations, the top surface of the license plate acts as the Iuz dispersion material. Some exemplary embodiments of a license plate on which a light scattering material has been stamped are shown in figures 2A to 4B.
    Figure 2A is a photograph of a prior art 200 license plate seen under visible light. License plate 200 includes signals 202 ("SAM PLE") that are visible to the human eye under visible scattered light. Signs 202 were stamped on retroreflective lamination 204 using a thermal ribbon printer for Digital License Plate license plates (sold by 3M Company) using colored ink (in this case, Dark Blue TTR1301 (sold by 3M Company)) . This produces a contrast ratio of 2.25: 1 under diffuse lighting conditions. Figure 2B is a photograph of the license plate of figure 2A under retroreflective infrared light.
    Figure 3A is a photograph of a Iowa license plate 300 when viewed in diffused visible light. License plate 300 includes signs 302 ("SAM PLE") stamped with light scattering material. Specifically, signs 302 were stamped using a thermal ribbon printer for digital license plate license plates (sold by 3M). First, a white light-scattering ink (for example, a DPL Thermal Transfer Ribbon, TTR1321 in White, available from 3M Company) was stamped on the retroreflective lamination 304. Then, a colored ink (in this case, a Ribbon Thermal Transfer Paper DLP, TTRI 301 in Dark Blue, available from 3M Company) was stamped on the white light scattering ink. The 302 signals are visible to the human eye under diffused visible light. Figure 3B is a photograph of the license plate of figure 3A under retroreflective infrared light. The white paint will spread the infrared light, so that the 302 signals appear black when viewed under conditions of retroreflective lighting. An observer will immediately notice the high contrast (of about 20: 1) between signals 302 and retroreflective lamination 304 when the license plate is viewed under retroreflective infrared light. In addition, this contrast is significantly greater than the contrast evident in prior art license plates. Increased contrast results in a higher reading accuracy rate when license plates are read by an ALPR system.
    The contrast of a digital image is the gray value of properly selected light areas in a ratio to the gray value of properly selected dark areas. The contrast of an object is theoretically the same as the contrast of an image of that object. However, lighting conditions need to be specified and the exposure needs to be carefully controlled. The illuminated areas must not saturate the detector and the dark areas must be sufficiently above the noise level, so that the noise does not substantially affect the measurement. For these reasons, it is difficult (and sometimes impossible) to measure the contrast of high-contrast objects from a single image. An 8-bit camera can theoretically measure up to 256: 1 contrast. However, if the noise level is about 10 counts, it is preferable to use a minimum measurement of about 30 counts. In order to avoid image saturation, it will be preferable to use a maximum of about 200 counts. This limits the maximum contrast of a single image to 200/30 or about 6.7: 1. In order to overcome these problems, several images can be used in different lighting and exposure settings carefully controlled, to extend the dynamic range of the measurement.
    Figure 4A is a photograph of a Minnesota 400 license plate seen in diffused visible light. License plate 400 includes signs 402 ("123 ABC") and a registration sticker 404 located in the lower right corner of license plate 400. Registration sticker 404 includes a light scattering material. Specifically, registration sticker 404 includes (1) machine-readable information in the form of a barcode that is visible under retroreflective infrared light (methods of forming such a barcode are described in more detail, for example, in Orders US Patent 65853USO02 and 65859USO02, deposited with it); (2) a colored ink (in this case, a red "Sharpie" permanent marker) was used to form the number "10" on the registration sticker that is visible to the human eye under visible light! scattered: and (3) pieces of Scotch® clear tape (a light scattering material) were placed over the registration adhesive to form a 2D barcode. Figure 4B is a photograph of the license plate in Figure 4A when viewed under retroreflective infrared light. The license plate and registration sticker keeps all of its present functions of transmitting information to the reader when viewed under normal (diffuse) lighting conditions and, in addition, digital information is available for a qf $ barcode reader when viewed under retroreflective lighting conditions. Some preferred embodiments of the present description also describe OCR and / or ALPR systems capable of detecting the retroreflective lamination and license plates described above. An exemplary OCR or 5 ALPR system could include an OCR camera (for example, a model 832 "Spike" camera, sold by PlPS Technology, a division of the Federal Signal Company); an infrared light source; and a license plate as described above. The light source preferably emits light that is almost coaxial with the observer of the OCR camera.
    10 Mention of all numeric ranges with extremes includes all numbers contained within the range (that is, the range from 1 to 10 includes, for example, 1, 1.5, 3.33, and 10).
    Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many changes can be made to the details of the modalities and implementations described above 15 without deviating from their underlying principles. In addition, various modifications and alterations of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the character and scope of the invention. The scope of this application should, therefore, be determined only by the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. RETROREFLECTIVE LAMINATION, characterized by the fact that it comprises: signs that include a light scattering material.
    [2]
    5 2. RETROREFLECTIVE LAMINATION, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the light scattering material is one of a surface diffusing material and a volume diffusing material.
    [3]
    3. RETROREFLECTIVE LAMINATION, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the light scattering material is one of an ink, a toner, a dye, and a ribbon.
    [4]
    4. RETROREFLECTIVE LAMINATION, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the light scattering material is a surface that has been selectively thinned.
    [5]
    15 5. RETROREFLETIVE LAMINATION, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the light scattering material is one of colored, clear, and white.
    [6]
    6. RETROREFLECTIVE LAMINATION, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the light scattering material 20 is one among under, inside, and on the signs.
    [7]
    7. LICENSE PLATE, characterized by the fact that it comprises retroreflective lamination as defined in one of claims 1 to 6-
    [8]
    8. OPTICAL 25 CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEM, characterized by the fact that it comprises: an optical character recognition camera; a light source that emits infrared light that is coaxial with the optical character recognition camera; and a license plate that includes retroreflective lamination as defined in one of claims 1 to 6.
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    402-) j- jy ', "" "·' u-- · r" j "G:" ": j" '{% V) [% - :)) T' "j) jj, '" i' j "): ')", -)' j ")), i, j,))) j ',,)) í" —404
    Fig. 4A
    ), ií lK j '"O'" - '' "" "N)" '"'" '") ," "" "" "' i ír.,; JM". Z) 7 ± " , -. Í ··· '- X .S: 400
    '°' r L)))))) Í) Í. '))' ..) -I ',: "))) j"', SÁ 'Jg' "'(G'" · "'
    UmÊ: 7 ^ 404 Fig. 4B
    4 '
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    F Abstract "RETROREFLECTIVE LAMINATION, LICENSE PLATE AND OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION SYSTEM" The present invention relates to the formation of a high contrast retroreflective lamination 5 regardless of wavelength, made through the inclusion of a light scattering material over at least a portion of the retroreflective lamination, the light scattering material reduces the brightness of the retroreflective lamination without substantially altering the appearance of the retroreflective lamination when viewed under scattered light.
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    法律状态:
    2020-09-01| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-08| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-24| B08F| Application dismissed because of non-payment of annual fees [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]|Free format text: ARQUIVADO O PEDIDO DE PATENTE, NOS TERMOS DO ARTIGO 86, DA LPI, E ARTIGO 10 DA RESOLUCAO 113/2013, REFERENTE AO NAO RECOLHIMENTO DA 9A E 10A RETRIBUICAO ANUAL, PARA FINS DE RESTAURACAO CONFORME ARTIGO 87 DA LPI 9.279, SOB PENA DA MANUTENCAO DO ARQUIVAMENTO CASO NAO SEJA RESTAURADO DENTRO DO PRAZO LEGAL, CONFORME O DISPOSTO NO ARTIGO 12 DA RESOLUCAO 113/2013. |
    2020-12-22| B11B| Dismissal acc. art. 36, par 1 of ipl - no reply within 90 days to fullfil the necessary requirements|
    2021-11-03| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US24976509P| true| 2009-10-08|2009-10-08|
    US61/249,765|2009-10-08|
    PCT/US2010/051507|WO2011044149A1|2009-10-08|2010-10-05|High contrast retroreflective sheeting and license plates|
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